Reabilitação, complicações não cardiorespiratórias e ventilação não invasiva na distrofia muscular de Duchenne

USA – no suplemento da revista Chest deste mês são publicados três resumos referentes a distrofia muscular de Duchenne. O primeiro, chinês, reforça a importância da fisioterapia respiratória para a melhora da função pulmonar; o segundo, americano, fala das complicações não cardiorespiratórias que os portadores de Duchenne podem vir a apresentar com o aumento da sobrevida (cálculos biliares, problemas de alimentação, trombose venosa, doença inflamatória intestinal, etc). O terceiro, americano, fala da importância em iniciar o uso de ventilação não invasiva na UTI quando o paciente apresenta alguma complicação que justifique a sua internação. O resumo em inglês do artigo pode ser lido abaixo:

IN PRESS:CHEST, 130(4) Supplement. October 2006)

LUNG FUNCTION IMPAIRMENT AND REHABILITATION STRATEGY FOR PATIENTS WITH MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Li, Zhiping RRT; Zhong, Yun ; Guo, Yubiao ; Huang, Jianqiang; Peng, Lihong; Yao, Xiaoli; Zhang, Cheng – China

PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of lung function impairment in three groups of patients with Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy(BMD) and Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy(DMD) and try to approach the rehabilitation strategy.

METHODS: Lung function were measured and compared among three groups of Muscular Dystrophy patients. Patients in Group A suffered from BMD. Patients in Group B were those with DMD and insisted on long-term rehabilitation exercise, while patients in Group C were those with DMD and nearly never had rehabilitation exercise.

RESULTS:Lung function parameters of Group A were in normal range as the following: FVC% was 82±15%, FEV1% was 91±18%•MVV% was 98±32%. Lung function was impaired in both Group B and Group C. In Group B, FVC% was 64±11%•FEV1% was 74±13%•MVV% was 82±19%. In Group C, FVC% was 37±12%•FEV1% was 43±15%•MVV% was 52±19%. There were statistically significant differences among the three groups in FVC%, FEV1% and MVV% (P<0.05), while no significant differences in FEV1/FVC (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Although the main lung function parameters of BMD patients were in normal range, the abnormally increased FEV1/FVC in both BMD and DMD patients demonstrated that restrictive ventilation disorder was common characteristic in patients with muscular dystrophy.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS:Rehabilitation exercise might be helpful for slowing the lung function deterioration, while rehabilitation exercise specifically aiming at respiratory muscles might be more helpful in that it could improve the restrictive ventilation disorder in muscular dystrophy patients.

MAJOR NONCARDIOPULMONARY COMPLICATIONS AMONG PATIENTS WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY WHO EXPERIENCE PROLONGED SURVIVAL THROUGH ASSISTED VENTILATION

Nguyen, Kenny ; Noritz, Garey; Birnkrant, David – USA

PURPOSE: Survival among patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has increased due to improved cardiopulmonary management. However, due to prolonged survival, patients are now exposed to the risk of developing major medical complications. In this report, we describe the frequency and nature of major non-cardiopulmonary complications in patients with DMD and prolonged survival due to use of assisted ventilation.

METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all pts with DMD in our clinic who are alive and over 20 years of age. Prolonged survival was attributed to assisted ventilation if the pt lived for > 5 years after vital capacity fell below 1 liter (Phillips et al AJRCCM, 2001).

RESULTS: 27 pts in our clinic are alive and > 20 yrs old. Complications: 15 pts have malnutrition/dysphagia requiring gastrostomy tube placement; 6 pts have renal calculi; 2 pts have diabetes and use insulin; 2 pts have deep venous thrombosis and were anti-coagulated; 1 pt has gallstones; 1 pt has inflammatory bowel disease. Of the 19 pts with one or more of these complications, 16 use noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) and 2 are ventilated via tracheostomy. The 18 pts using assisted ventilation have thusfar survived a mean (+/- SD) of 6.5 +/- 4.3 yrs after their vital capacity fell below one liter (with 12 of 18 pts surviving > 5 years past the fall below one liter). Their mean survival thusfar after starting assisted ventilation is 7.6 +/- 3.8 yrs. Twelve of the 18 pts are ventilated 24 hrs/day.

CONCLUSION: Our pts with DMD who achieve prolonged survival through the use of assisted ventilation experience a high incidence of major non-cardiopulmonary medical complications. Therapy for these complications, such as gastrostomy placement, urologic procedures, anti-coagulation and insulin use, imposes additional risks.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These findings have significant implications regarding potential morbidities, burden of care and medical management in pts with DMD whose survival is prolonged by long-term mechanical ventilation.

BENEFIT OF THE PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT TO INITIATE LONG-TERM NONINVASIVE VENTILATION IN PATIENTS WITH MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: AN EXAMPLE OF FORWARD-DIRECTED ICU CARE (FDIC)

Paul, Grace; Noritz, Garey; Birnkrant, David – USA

PURPOSE: Acute medical care is the primary goal of the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Another potential benefit of admission to the PICU for patients (pts) with chronic diseases is the initiation of long-term therapies which may improve survival. We call this use of the ICU to initiate beneficial chronic therapies “forward-directed ICU care” (FDIC). We hypothesized that pts with severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who start long-term noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) during acute respiratory illness in the PICU may benefit by prolonged survival (an example of FDIC).

METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all pts with DMD who had NPPV initiated in our PICU during the time period 9/93 to 3/01. Definition of prolonged survival: survival for > 5 yrs after fall in vital capacity below 1 liter (Phillips et al, AJRCCM, 2001).

RESULTS: 9 pts with DMD started NPPV in the PICU during the time period. Reason for admission: pneumonia (7 pts), acute respiratory failure (2 pts). Age at NPPV initiation: 18.0 +/- 4.6 yrs (all data mean +/- SD). 8 of 9 pts are alive and 7 pts still use NPPV, 5 of them 24 hrs/day. One pt required tracheostomy after 5.6 yrs on NPPV. Current age of survivors: 27.2 +/- 5.4 yrs. Duration of NPPV use (to current date for 7 pts; to date of tracheostomy or death for 1 pt each): 8.9 +/- 2.7 yrs. Mean survival with NPPV after vital capacity fell below 1 liter: 7.4 +/- 4.1 yrs (with 6 of 9 pts thusfar surviving > 5 yrs after v.c. fell below 1 liter).

CONCLUSION: Initiation of NPPV during acute illness in the PICU resulted in prolonged survival for most of our 9 pts with severe DMD, and the majority of them now use NPPV 24 hrs/day.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This use of the acute care setting of the PICU to initiate a therapy with long-term benefit is an example of forward-directed ICU care or FDIC, a concept with potential applications to many chronic illnesses.

Fonte: http://www.distrofiamuscular.net/noticias.htm